CVE-2025-48041Network attack vector

Authenticated service disruption via unbounded SFTP handles

Published Sep 11, 2025 · Updated Sep 11, 2025

Resource exhaustion in affected Erlang/OTP SSH releases allows remote authenticated users to disrupt SFTP servers through OPENDIR requests. The ssh_sftpd.erl handler adds an Erlang VM handle for each opened directory without enforcing a per-connection limit, so OS file-descriptor limits do not constrain the growing list. An authenticated SFTP account and network access to an Erlang/OTP SSH server with SFTP enabled are required; sustained requests consume VM resources until service stability is impaired.

CVSS severity7.1
High
EPSS probability0.39%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Resource exhaustion in affected Erlang/OTP SSH releases allows remote authenticated users to disrupt SFTP servers through OPENDIR requests. The ssh_sftpd.erl handler adds an Erlang VM handle for each opened directory without enforcing a per-connection limit, so OS file-descriptor limits do not constrain the growing list. An authenticated SFTP account and network access to an Erlang/OTP SSH server with SFTP enabled are required; sustained requests consume VM resources until service stability is impaired.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-48041
Published
Sep 11, 2025
Updated
Sep 11, 2025
Vendor
Erlang
Product
Erlang/OTP
Classifications
CWE-400, CWE-770, T1499.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Sep 11, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Sep 11, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=07b8f441ca711f9812fad9e9115bab3c3aa92f79 <* changes=[{"at":"5f9af63eec4657a37663828d206517828cb9f288","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"d49efa2d4fa9e6f7ee658719cd76ffe7a33c2401","status":"unaffected"}]
  2. Affected versionversion=17.0 <* changes=[{"at":"28.0.3","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"27.3.4.3","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"26.2.5.15","status":"unaffected"}]
  3. Affected versionversion=pkg:otp/[email protected] <pkg:otp/ssh@* changes=[{"at":"pkg:otp/[email protected]","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"pkg:otp/[email protected]","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"pkg:otp/[email protected]","status":"unaffected"}]

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Erlang · Erlang/OTPversion=07b8f441ca711f9812fad9e9115bab3c3aa92f79 <* changes=[{"at":"5f9af63eec4657a37663828d206517828cb9f288","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"d49efa2d4fa9e6f7ee658719cd76ffe7a33c2401","status":"unaffected"}]; version=17.0 <* changes=[{"at":"28.0.3","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"27.3.4.3","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"26.2.5.15","status":"unaffected"}]; version=pkg:otp/[email protected] <pkg:otp/ssh@* changes=[{"at":"pkg:otp/[email protected]","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"pkg:otp/[email protected]","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"pkg:otp/[email protected]","status":"unaffected"}]

Published CVSS scores

7.1Erlang Ecosystem FoundationCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-400Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
CWE-770Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
T1499.004Application or System Exploitation DoS

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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