CVE-2025-48040Network attack vectorHinoki check available

Unauthenticated service interruption via unbounded KEXINIT processing

Published Sep 11, 2025 · Updated Sep 11, 2025

Uncontrolled resource consumption in affected Erlang/OTP SSH releases allows remote attackers to interrupt SSH service before authentication. The KEXINIT decoder accepts excessive lists of validly sized algorithms, while oversized cryptographic parameters create unusually large exception data that error handling unnecessarily processes. An SSH daemon must be network-reachable, and repeated unauthenticated key-exchange messages consume CPU and memory until service availability degrades or the service stops responding.

CVSS severity6.9
Medium
EPSS probability0.43%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkAvailable
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Summary

What happened

Uncontrolled resource consumption in affected Erlang/OTP SSH releases allows remote attackers to interrupt SSH service before authentication. The KEXINIT decoder accepts excessive lists of validly sized algorithms, while oversized cryptographic parameters create unusually large exception data that error handling unnecessarily processes. An SSH daemon must be network-reachable, and repeated unauthenticated key-exchange messages consume CPU and memory until service availability degrades or the service stops responding.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-48040
Published
Sep 11, 2025
Updated
Sep 11, 2025
Vendor
Erlang
Product
Erlang/OTP
Classifications
CWE-400, CWE-770, CAPEC-130, CAPEC-125, T1499.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Sep 11, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Sep 11, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=07b8f441ca711f9812fad9e9115bab3c3aa92f79 <* changes=[{"at":"7cd7abb7e19e16b027eaee6a54e1f6fbbe21181a","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"548f1295d86d0803da884db8685cc16d461d0d5a","status":"unaffected"}]
  2. Affected versionversion=17.0 <* changes=[{"at":"28.0.3","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"27.3.4.3","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"26.2.5.15","status":"unaffected"}]
  3. Affected versionversion=pkg:otp/[email protected] <pkg:otp/ssh@* changes=[{"at":"pkg:otp/[email protected]","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"pkg:otp/[email protected]","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"pkg:otp/[email protected]","status":"unaffected"}]

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Erlang · Erlang/OTPversion=07b8f441ca711f9812fad9e9115bab3c3aa92f79 <* changes=[{"at":"7cd7abb7e19e16b027eaee6a54e1f6fbbe21181a","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"548f1295d86d0803da884db8685cc16d461d0d5a","status":"unaffected"}]; version=17.0 <* changes=[{"at":"28.0.3","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"27.3.4.3","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"26.2.5.15","status":"unaffected"}]; version=pkg:otp/[email protected] <pkg:otp/ssh@* changes=[{"at":"pkg:otp/[email protected]","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"pkg:otp/[email protected]","status":"unaffected"},{"at":"pkg:otp/[email protected]","status":"unaffected"}]

Published CVSS scores

6.9Erlang Ecosystem Foundation CNACVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:N/VI:N/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-400Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
CWE-770Allocation of Resources Without Limits or Throttling
CAPEC-130Excessive Allocation
CAPEC-125Flooding
T1499.004Application or System Exploitation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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