CVE-2025-48012Network attack vector

Authentication bypass via reusable TFA token

Published May 21, 2025 · Updated May 21, 2025

Authentication bypass in Drupal One Time Password before 1.3.0 allows remote attackers to reuse a captured TFA token for account access. The module accepts the same time-based second-factor token more than once during its 30-second validity window instead of rejecting prior use. Exploitation requires a valid username and password plus the captured second-factor token, and grants only the access of the compromised account.

CVSS severity4.8
Medium
EPSS probability0.25%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Authentication bypass in Drupal One Time Password before 1.3.0 allows remote attackers to reuse a captured TFA token for account access. The module accepts the same time-based second-factor token more than once during its 30-second validity window instead of rejecting prior use. Exploitation requires a valid username and password plus the captured second-factor token, and grants only the access of the compromised account.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-48012
Published
May 21, 2025
Updated
May 21, 2025
Vendor
OAuth.js
Product
One Time Password
Classifications
CWE-294, CAPEC-555, T1078
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 21, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 21, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0.0.0 <1.3.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

OAuth.js · One Time Passwordversion=0.0.0 <1.3.0

Published CVSS scores

4.8CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-294Authentication Bypass by Capture-replay
CAPEC-555Remote Services with Stolen Credentials
T1078Valid Accounts

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo