CVE-2025-47981Network attack vector

Unauthenticated code execution via crafted NEGOEX message

Published Jul 8, 2025 · Updated Feb 13, 2026

Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows NEGOEX allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code through a crafted network message. Microsoft identifies improper heap handling of NEGOEX authentication messages but has not disclosed the affected routine or unchecked length operation. No credentials or user interaction are required; reachability depends on PKU2U being allowed, which is enabled by default on Windows 10 1607 and later clients but disabled on servers and domain-joined devices.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability32.55%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Heap-based buffer overflow in Windows NEGOEX allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code through a crafted network message. Microsoft identifies improper heap handling of NEGOEX authentication messages but has not disclosed the affected routine or unchecked length operation. No credentials or user interaction are required; reachability depends on PKU2U being allowed, which is enabled by default on Windows 10 1607 and later clients but disabled on servers and domain-joined devices.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-47981
Published
Jul 8, 2025
Updated
Feb 13, 2026
Vendor
Microsoft
Product
Windows 10 Version 1507
Classifications
CWE-122, T1210
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 8, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 13, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=10.0.10240.0 <10.0.10240.21073

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Microsoft · Windows 10 Version 1507version=10.0.10240.0 <10.0.10240.21073
Microsoft · Windows Server 2019version=10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.7558
Microsoft · Windows Server 2025 (Server Core installation)version=10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.4652
Microsoft · Windows Server 2016 (Server Core installation)version=10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.8246
Microsoft · Windows 11, version 24H2version=10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.4652
Microsoft · Windows Server 2012 (Server Core installation)version=6.2.9200.0 <6.2.9200.25573
Microsoft · Windows Server 2012version=6.2.9200.0 <6.2.9200.25573
Microsoft · Windows 10 Version 21H2version=10.0.19044.0 <10.0.19044.6093
Microsoft · Windows Server 2022, 23H2 Edition (Server Core installation)version=10.0.25398.0 <10.0.25398.1732
Microsoft · Windows Server 2016version=10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.8246
Microsoft · Windows 11 Version 22H3version=10.0.22631.0 <10.0.22631.5624
Microsoft · Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1version=6.1.7601.0 <6.1.7601.27820
Microsoft · Windows Server 2008 R2 Service Pack 1 (Server Core installation)version=6.1.7601.0 <6.1.7601.27820
Microsoft · Windows 10 Version 22H2version=10.0.19045.0 <10.0.19045.6093
Microsoft · Windows Server 2012 R2 (Server Core installation)version=6.3.9600.0 <6.3.9600.22676
Microsoft · Windows Server 2019 (Server Core installation)version=10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.7558
Microsoft · Windows 11 Version 23H2version=10.0.22631.0 <10.0.22631.5624
Microsoft · Windows 11, version 22H2version=10.0.22621.0 <10.0.22621.5624
Microsoft · Windows 10 Version 1607version=10.0.14393.0 <10.0.14393.8246
Microsoft · Windows Server 2022version=10.0.20348.0 <10.0.20348.3932
Microsoft · Windows Server 2025version=10.0.26100.0 <10.0.26100.4652
Microsoft · Windows 10 Version 1809version=10.0.17763.0 <10.0.17763.7558
Microsoft · Windows Server 2012 R2version=6.3.9600.0 <6.3.9600.22676

Published CVSS scores

9.8National Vulnerability DatabaseCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-122Heap-based Buffer Overflow
T1210Exploitation of Remote Services

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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