Firmware extraction and modification via enabled JTAG
Published Jun 27, 2025 · Updated Sep 2, 2025
Improper access control in Flock Safety Gunshot Detection devices before 1.3 allows physically proximate attackers to alter firmware. The ESP32 has JTAG and UART download mode enabled, leaving their disable fuses unset and permitting firmware extraction or replacement through exposed board pads. Exploitation requires opening the pole-mounted sensor, wiring its debug pads, and using device-debugging hardware; the vendor reports no effect on its cloud platform.
Summary
What happened
Improper access control in Flock Safety Gunshot Detection devices before 1.3 allows physically proximate attackers to alter firmware. The ESP32 has JTAG and UART download mode enabled, leaving their disable fuses unset and permitting firmware extraction or replacement through exposed board pads. Exploitation requires opening the pole-mounted sensor, wiring its debug pads, and using device-debugging hardware; the vendor reports no effect on its cloud platform.
The record
- CVE
- CVE-2025-47819
- Published
- Jun 27, 2025
- Updated
- Sep 2, 2025
- Vendor
- Flock Safety
- Product
- Flock Gunshot Detection
- Classifications
- CWE-1191, T1601.001
- Attack vector
- physical
- Privileges
- unauthenticated
Timeline
How it unfolded
- Jun 27, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
- Sep 2, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.
Exploitability
Present is not the same as exploitable
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Is a vulnerable build present?
Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.
- Affected versionversion=0 <1.3
What conditions does exploitation require?
What is affected?
Attacks
What attackers are doing with it
Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.
Weakness, pattern, technique
Public exploit references
- Raven ESP32 debug-interface reproductionproof of concept · demonstrated
Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.
Technologies
Your stack
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Your stack
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