CVE-2025-47781Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Account takeover via brute-forced email login tokens

Published May 14, 2025 · Updated May 14, 2025

Insufficient entropy in Luke Vella Rallly 3.11.2 and earlier allows remote attackers to take over accounts via email login tokens. The email sign-in flow issues a six-digit code, while the /api/auth/callback/email endpoint accepts unrestricted guesses during its 15-minute validity. Knowledge of a registered email address is sufficient to obtain a valid session cookie and access that user's account.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability0.60%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Insufficient entropy in Luke Vella Rallly 3.11.2 and earlier allows remote attackers to take over accounts via email login tokens. The email sign-in flow issues a six-digit code, while the /api/auth/callback/email endpoint accepts unrestricted guesses during its 15-minute validity. Knowledge of a registered email address is sufficient to obtain a valid session cookie and access that user's account.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-47781
Published
May 14, 2025
Updated
May 14, 2025
Vendor
Luke Vella
Product
Rallly
Classifications
CWE-331, T1110
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 14, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 14, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=<= 3.11.2

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Luke Vella · Ralllyversion=<= 3.11.2

Published CVSS scores

9.8GitHubCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-331Insufficient Entropy
T1110Brute Force

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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