CVE-2025-4742

Local code execution via unsafe checkpoint loading

Published May 16, 2025 · Updated May 16, 2025

Deserialization in Yijie Xu grpo-flat allows local users to execute code through a crafted training-state checkpoint. The main function passes model_name_or_path/training_state.pt to torch.load without weights_only=True when resume is enabled. Exploitation requires local access to replace the checkpoint and resume training; the embedded pickle payload then runs with the training process's privileges.

CVSS severity4.8
Medium
EPSS probability0.19%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Deserialization in Yijie Xu grpo-flat allows local users to execute code through a crafted training-state checkpoint. The main function passes model_name_or_path/training_state.pt to torch.load without weights_only=True when resume is enabled. Exploitation requires local access to replace the checkpoint and resume training; the embedded pickle payload then runs with the training process's privileges.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-4742
Published
May 16, 2025
Updated
May 16, 2025
Vendor
Yijie Xu
Product
grpo-flat
Classifications
CWE-20, CWE-502, T1059.006
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 16, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 16, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

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  1. Affected versionversion=9024b43f091e2eb9bac65802b120c0b35f9ba856

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Yijie Xu · grpo-flatversion=9024b43f091e2eb9bac65802b120c0b35f9ba856

Published CVSS scores

4.8VulDB CNACVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
4.3VulDB CNAAV:L/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P
5.3VulDB CNACVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
5.3VulDB CNACVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-20Improper Input Validation
CWE-502Deserialization of Untrusted Data
T1059.006Command and Scripting Interpreter: Python

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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