CVE-2025-46731Network attack vector

Authenticated code execution via unchecked popen callable

Published May 5, 2025 · Updated May 5, 2025

Twig SSTI in Pixel & Tonic Craft CMS 4.0.0-RC1 through 4.14.12 and 5.0.0-RC1 through 5.6.14 allows remote authenticated users to execute code. The checkArrowFunction method in craft\web\twig\Extension fails to reject popen as a callable, allowing a crafted Twig arrow function to open a command process. Exploitation requires administrator access to the control panel and ALLOW_ADMIN_CHANGES enabled, and successful abuse grants server-side command execution.

CVSS severity7.2
High
EPSS probability1.41%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Twig SSTI in Pixel & Tonic Craft CMS 4.0.0-RC1 through 4.14.12 and 5.0.0-RC1 through 5.6.14 allows remote authenticated users to execute code. The checkArrowFunction method in craft\web\twig\Extension fails to reject popen as a callable, allowing a crafted Twig arrow function to open a command process. Exploitation requires administrator access to the control panel and ALLOW_ADMIN_CHANGES enabled, and successful abuse grants server-side command execution.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-46731
Published
May 5, 2025
Updated
May 5, 2025
Vendor
Pixel & Tonic
Product
Craft CMS
Classifications
CWE-1336, T1059
Attack vector
network
Privileges
admin

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 5, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 5, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=>= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.14.13
  2. Affected versionversion=>= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.6.15

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesadmin

What is affected?

Pixel & Tonic · Craft CMSversion=>= 4.0.0-RC1, < 4.14.13; version=>= 5.0.0-RC1, < 5.6.15

Published CVSS scores

7.3GitHub, Inc.CVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N/E:P
7.2NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesadmin
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-1336Improper Neutralization of Special Elements Used in a Template Engine
T1059Command and Scripting Interpreter

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo