CVE-2025-46570Network attack vector

Cached prompt disclosure via prefix-match timing oracle

Published May 29, 2025 · Updated May 29, 2025

Observable timing discrepancy in vLLM before 0.9.0 allows remote authenticated users to infer cached prompt content via prompt timing. Prefix caching shortens time to first token when an attacker-controlled prompt matches cached chunks, turning cache hits into an oracle for guessed text. Exploitation requires a shared backend, victim-cached content, and repeated timing measurements; disclosed tests inferred chunk-level matches only.

CVSS severity2.6
Low
EPSS probability0.29%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Observable timing discrepancy in vLLM before 0.9.0 allows remote authenticated users to infer cached prompt content via prompt timing. Prefix caching shortens time to first token when an attacker-controlled prompt matches cached chunks, turning cache hits into an oracle for guessed text. Exploitation requires a shared backend, victim-cached content, and repeated timing measurements; disclosed tests inferred chunk-level matches only.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-46570
Published
May 29, 2025
Updated
May 29, 2025
Vendor
vLLM Project
Product
vLLM
Classifications
CWE-208
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 29, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 29, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 0.9.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

vLLM Project · vLLMversion=< 0.9.0

Published CVSS scores

2.6GitHubCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-208Observable Timing Discrepancy

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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