CVE-2025-46569Network attack vector

Policy-result manipulation via unvalidated Data API paths

Published May 1, 2025 · Updated May 2, 2025

Rego injection in the Data API in Open Policy Agent before 1.4.0 allows remote authenticated users to manipulate policy results or exhaust CPU. Server.makeRego converted decoded URL segments into a Rego reference string and passed it to rego.Query without enforcing that the query contained only one reference. Exploitation requires a standalone server plus permissive path authorization or an intermediary that forwards unsanitized path text, enabling result-oracle abuse, erroneous decisions, or service interruption.

CVSS severity7.4
High
EPSS probability0.51%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Rego injection in the Data API in Open Policy Agent before 1.4.0 allows remote authenticated users to manipulate policy results or exhaust CPU. Server.makeRego converted decoded URL segments into a Rego reference string and passed it to rego.Query without enforcing that the query contained only one reference. Exploitation requires a standalone server plus permissive path authorization or an intermediary that forwards unsanitized path text, enabling result-oracle abuse, erroneous decisions, or service interruption.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-46569
Published
May 1, 2025
Updated
May 2, 2025
Vendor
Open Policy Agent
Product
Open Policy Agent (OPA)
Classifications
T1499.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 1, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 2, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 1.4.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Open Policy Agent · Open Policy Agent (OPA)version=< 1.4.0

Published CVSS scores

7.4GitHub Security AdvisoryCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:L/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:H/SC:H/SI:H/SA:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

T1499.004Application or System Exploitation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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