CVE-2025-4644Network attack vector

Account impersonation via recycled SQLite identifiers

Published Aug 29, 2025 · Updated Aug 29, 2025

Session fixation in Payload before 3.44.0 allows remote attackers to access a newly created user's account through a retained JWT. The SQLite adapter reassigns a deleted account's identifier during later account creation without invalidating the JWT that names that identifier. Exploitation requires account creation and deletion followed by another user receiving the recycled identifier, after which the retained token grants that user's access.

CVSS severity5.3
Medium
EPSS probability0.41%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Session fixation in Payload before 3.44.0 allows remote attackers to access a newly created user's account through a retained JWT. The SQLite adapter reassigns a deleted account's identifier during later account creation without invalidating the JWT that names that identifier. Exploitation requires account creation and deletion followed by another user receiving the recycled identifier, after which the retained token grants that user's access.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-4644
Published
Aug 29, 2025
Updated
Aug 29, 2025
Vendor
Payload CMS
Product
Payload
Classifications
CWE-384, T1078
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Aug 29, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 29, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <3.44.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Payload CMS · Payloadversion=0 <3.44.0

Published CVSS scores

5.3GitHub Advisory DatabaseCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:P/VC:L/VI:L/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-384Session Fixation
T1078Valid Accounts

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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