CVE-2025-46407Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Code execution via wrapped BMP palette allocation

Published Aug 25, 2025 · Updated Nov 3, 2025

Memory corruption in SAIL 0.9.8 allows remote attackers to execute code when a user or application loads a crafted BMP image. In bmp_private_read_init, the untrusted v3.colors_used count is multiplied by four in 32-bit arithmetic, allocating a wrapped, undersized palette buffer before the same count controls out-of-bounds pixel writes. The overflow requires a 32-bit build and execution occurs in the context of the process that opens the image, with user or application file loading as the trigger.

CVSS severity8.8
High
EPSS probability0.66%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Memory corruption in SAIL 0.9.8 allows remote attackers to execute code when a user or application loads a crafted BMP image. In bmp_private_read_init, the untrusted v3.colors_used count is multiplied by four in 32-bit arithmetic, allocating a wrapped, undersized palette buffer before the same count controls out-of-bounds pixel writes. The overflow requires a 32-bit build and execution occurs in the context of the process that opens the image, with user or application file loading as the trigger.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-46407
Published
Aug 25, 2025
Updated
Nov 3, 2025
Vendor
SAIL
Product
SAIL
Classifications
CWE-680, T1203, T1204.002
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Aug 25, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 3, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=v0.9.8

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

SAIL · SAILversion=v0.9.8

Published CVSS scores

8.8Cisco TalosCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-680Integer Overflow to Buffer Overflow
T1203Exploitation for Client Execution
T1204.002Malicious File

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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