CVE-2025-46206Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Denial of service via cyclic outline recursion

Published Aug 4, 2025 · Updated Jul 5, 2026

Uncontrolled recursion in Artifex MuPDF 1.25.5 and 1.25.6 allows attackers to crash mutool clean by supplying a crafted PDF outline. The strip_outline and strip_outlines routines in pdf-clean-file.c follow cyclic /Next references without tracking visited outline objects, recursing until the process stack is exhausted. Exploitation requires mutool clean to process the malicious file and interrupts only that process; no data disclosure or modification is reported.

CVSS severity6.5
Medium
EPSS probability0.39%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Uncontrolled recursion in Artifex MuPDF 1.25.5 and 1.25.6 allows attackers to crash mutool clean by supplying a crafted PDF outline. The strip_outline and strip_outlines routines in pdf-clean-file.c follow cyclic /Next references without tracking visited outline objects, recursing until the process stack is exhausted. Exploitation requires mutool clean to process the malicious file and interrupts only that process; no data disclosure or modification is reported.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-46206
Published
Aug 4, 2025
Updated
Jul 5, 2026
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-400, CWE-674, T1499.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Aug 4, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jul 5, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

6.5CISA ADP VulnrichmentCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
7.5NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-400Uncontrolled Resource Consumption
CWE-674Uncontrolled Recursion
T1499.004Endpoint Denial of Service: Application or System Exploitation

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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