CVE-2025-46059Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Unauthorized Gmail actions via untrusted email instructions

Published Jul 29, 2025 · Updated Aug 3, 2025

Indirect prompt injection in LangChain GmailToolkit 0.3.51 allows remote attackers to trigger Gmail actions through a crafted email. The demonstrated application passes attacker-controlled email content into the model, then executes resulting Gmail tool calls without an intent-alignment check. The supplier disputes that this is a LangChain flaw because the enforcement gap is in user-written agent code; the demonstration forwards email data rather than executing arbitrary code.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability0.70%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Indirect prompt injection in LangChain GmailToolkit 0.3.51 allows remote attackers to trigger Gmail actions through a crafted email. The demonstrated application passes attacker-controlled email content into the model, then executes resulting Gmail tool calls without an intent-alignment check. The supplier disputes that this is a LangChain flaw because the enforcement gap is in user-written agent code; the demonstration forwards email data rather than executing arbitrary code.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-46059
Published
Jul 29, 2025
Updated
Aug 3, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-94, T1567
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 29, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 3, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

9.8GitHub Advisory DatabaseCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-94Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
T1567Exfiltration Over Web Service

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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