CVE-2025-45800Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Unauthenticated command execution via deviceMac shell injection

Published May 2, 2025 · Updated May 12, 2025

OS command injection in TOTOLINK A950RG 4.1.2cu.5204_B20210112 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via deviceMac. The setDeviceName function inserts deviceMac into an echo command with sprintf and passes the resulting string to system without neutralizing shell metacharacters. No authentication or user interaction is required, and successful injection grants control of the router, as demonstrated by starting Telnet and obtaining shell access.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability0.86%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

OS command injection in TOTOLINK A950RG 4.1.2cu.5204_B20210112 allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary commands via deviceMac. The setDeviceName function inserts deviceMac into an echo command with sprintf and passes the resulting string to system without neutralizing shell metacharacters. No authentication or user interaction is required, and successful injection grants control of the router, as demonstrated by starting Telnet and obtaining shell access.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-45800
Published
May 2, 2025
Updated
May 12, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-77, T1059.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 2, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 12, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

9.8CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-77Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
T1059.004Unix Shell

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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