CVE-2025-45429Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Remote code execution via unbounded index formatting

Published Apr 23, 2025 · Updated Apr 23, 2025

Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda AC9 v1.0 firmware 15.03.05.14_multi allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code. The formWifiWpsStart function copies the POST index parameter with sprintf into a stack variable without validating or limiting its length. The published proof of concept includes a password cookie, and public evidence does not show that the management route is reachable without a valid session.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability1.00%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Stack-based buffer overflow in Tenda AC9 v1.0 firmware 15.03.05.14_multi allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code. The formWifiWpsStart function copies the POST index parameter with sprintf into a stack variable without validating or limiting its length. The published proof of concept includes a password cookie, and public evidence does not show that the management route is reachable without a valid session.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-45429
Published
Apr 23, 2025
Updated
Apr 23, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-121, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
Unavailable

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Apr 23, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 23, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesUnavailable in this record.

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

9.8CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
PrivilegesUnavailable
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-121Stack-based Buffer Overflow
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo