CVE-2025-45311

Root command execution through configured ban actions

Published Nov 26, 2025 · Updated Dec 3, 2025

Privilege escalation in Fail2Ban 0.11.2 allows local users with limited sudo access to execute configured operations as root. The report attributes this behavior to fail2ban-client accepting a privileged ban action and later executing that configured action with the daemon's root privileges, without identifying a distinct permission check that is bypassed. Upstream closed the report as incorrect because arbitrary root actions are an intended part of the privilege model; exploitation therefore requires prior permission to configure such an action.

CVSS severity8.8
High
EPSS probability0.37%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Privilege escalation in Fail2Ban 0.11.2 allows local users with limited sudo access to execute configured operations as root. The report attributes this behavior to fail2ban-client accepting a privileged ban action and later executing that configured action with the daemon's root privileges, without identifying a distinct permission check that is bypassed. Upstream closed the report as incorrect because arbitrary root actions are an intended part of the privilege model; exploitation therefore requires prior permission to configure such an action.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-45311
Published
Nov 26, 2025
Updated
Dec 3, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-266
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Nov 26, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Dec 3, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

9.3SUSECVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
8.8CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.8SUSECVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-266Incorrect Privilege Assignment

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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