CVE-2025-45006

Physical memory access via unmasked SUM bit

Published Jul 1, 2025 · Updated Jul 2, 2025

Improper privilege enforcement in Rocket-Chip through commit f517abb allows attackers to access physical memory through a crafted state transition. The TLB privilege logic uses mstatus.SUM directly when calculating supervisor read and write permission instead of forcing it to zero when satp.MODE selects Bare mode. Exploitation requires supervisor-mode control of that transition while SUM remains set; the resulting permission state exposes physical memory and enables code execution.

CVSS severity9.1
Critical
EPSS probability0.41%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper privilege enforcement in Rocket-Chip through commit f517abb allows attackers to access physical memory through a crafted state transition. The TLB privilege logic uses mstatus.SUM directly when calculating supervisor read and write permission instead of forcing it to zero when satp.MODE selects Bare mode. Exploitation requires supervisor-mode control of that transition while SUM remains set; the resulting permission state exposes physical memory and enables code execution.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-45006
Published
Jul 1, 2025
Updated
Jul 2, 2025
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-266
Attack vector
Unavailable
Privileges
Unavailable

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 1, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jul 2, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorUnavailable in this record.
Required privilegesUnavailable in this record.

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

9.1CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
VectorUnavailable
PrivilegesUnavailable
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-266Incorrect Privilege Assignment

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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