CVE-2025-4478Network attack vector

Pre-boot service crash via unsafe transport cleanup

Published May 16, 2025 · Updated Jun 30, 2026

NULL pointer dereference in FreeRDP before 3.16.0 allows remote attackers to crash Anaconda's pre-boot remote-install service. An allocation-error path frees a transport after TransportDisconnect is initialized, so cleanup invokes the function pointer on a partial object and triggers SIGSEGV. The non-default RDP installation feature must be enabled, and network access is required during pre-boot; the service remains defunct until reboot.

CVSS severity6.5
Medium
EPSS probability0.52%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

NULL pointer dereference in FreeRDP before 3.16.0 allows remote attackers to crash Anaconda's pre-boot remote-install service. An allocation-error path frees a transport after TransportDisconnect is initialized, so cleanup invokes the function pointer on a partial object and triggers SIGSEGV. The non-default RDP installation feature must be enabled, and network access is required during pre-boot; the service remains defunct until reboot.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-4478
Published
May 16, 2025
Updated
Jun 30, 2026
Vendor
FreeRDP
Product
FreeRDP
Classifications
CWE-476, T1499
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 16, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jun 30, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=3.0.0-beta1 <3.16.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

FreeRDP · FreeRDPversion=3.0.0-beta1 <3.16.0
389 Directory Server · Red Hat Enterprise Linux 10Affected versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

6.5Red HatCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-476NULL Pointer Dereference
T1499Endpoint Denial of Service

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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