CVE-2025-44655Network attack vector

Unauthorized filesystem access via unsafe vsftpd chroot configuration

Published Jul 21, 2025 · Updated Jul 5, 2026

Incorrect privilege assignment in vsftpd on TOTOLink A7100RU 7.4, A950RG 5.9, and T10 5.9 allows remote attackers to access system files. The firmware enables chroot_local_user in vsftpd.conf, which the published record identifies as granting access beyond the intended FTP boundary. Network exploitation requires neither prior privileges nor user interaction; reported consequences include privilege escalation and internal-network pivoting.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability0.34%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Incorrect privilege assignment in vsftpd on TOTOLink A7100RU 7.4, A950RG 5.9, and T10 5.9 allows remote attackers to access system files. The firmware enables chroot_local_user in vsftpd.conf, which the published record identifies as granting access beyond the intended FTP boundary. Network exploitation requires neither prior privileges nor user interaction; reported consequences include privilege escalation and internal-network pivoting.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-44655
Published
Jul 21, 2025
Updated
Jul 5, 2026
Vendor
Unknown vendor
Product
Unknown product
Classifications
CWE-266, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 21, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jul 5, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected buildAffected product and version details are unavailable.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Affected products and versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

9.8CISA ADP VulnrichmentCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-266Incorrect Privilege Assignment
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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