CVE-2025-4428Known exploitationPublic exploitNetwork attack vector

Remote code execution via evaluated format parameter

Published May 13, 2025 · Updated Feb 26, 2026

Code injection in Ivanti Endpoint Manager Mobile 12.5.0.0 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via API requests. The feature-usage validator inserts the attacker-controlled format parameter into a Spring message template, where Java Expression Language evaluates it. Administrative API access is normally required, but chaining CVE-2025-4427 removes that gate and permits full server compromise.

CVSS severity8.8
High
EPSS probability86.52%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationReported
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Code injection in Ivanti Endpoint Manager Mobile 12.5.0.0 and earlier allows remote authenticated users to execute arbitrary code via API requests. The feature-usage validator inserts the attacker-controlled format parameter into a Spring message template, where Java Expression Language evaluates it. Administrative API access is normally required, but chaining CVE-2025-4427 removes that gate and permits full server compromise.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-4428
Published
May 13, 2025
Updated
Feb 26, 2026
Vendor
Ivanti
Product
Endpoint Manager Mobile
Classifications
CWE-94, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
admin

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 13, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 15, 2025Exploitation reportedEPMM API exploit chain used for initial access
  3. May 19, 2025Exploitation reportedCISA Known Exploited Vulnerabilities entry
  4. Feb 26, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected versions are unavailable in this record. Check the vendor advisory for version and patch details.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesadmin

What is affected?

Ivanti · Endpoint Manager MobileAffected versions are unavailable in this record.

Published CVSS scores

7.2IvantiCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:H/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
8.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesadmin
Known exploitationReported
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-94Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Reported exploitation

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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