CVE-2025-4371Public exploit

Arbitrary firmware installation via missing signature validation

Published Aug 18, 2025 · Updated Aug 19, 2025

Missing signature checks in Lenovo 510 FHD and Performance FHD web cameras before 4.8.0 allow physically proximate attackers to install firmware. The USB update path accepts an unauthenticated image, erases the onboard SPI flash, and writes the supplied binary at fixed offsets without verifying its signature. Physical USB access is sufficient to replace camera code, enabling persistent BadUSB-style host compromise through device impersonation.

CVSS severity7.0
High
EPSS probability0.19%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Missing signature checks in Lenovo 510 FHD and Performance FHD web cameras before 4.8.0 allow physically proximate attackers to install firmware. The USB update path accepts an unauthenticated image, erases the onboard SPI flash, and writes the supplied binary at fixed offsets without verifying its signature. Physical USB access is sufficient to replace camera code, enabling persistent BadUSB-style host compromise through device impersonation.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-4371
Published
Aug 18, 2025
Updated
Aug 19, 2025
Vendor
Lenovo
Product
510 FHD Webcam
Classifications
CWE-347
Attack vector
physical
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Aug 18, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 19, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <4.8.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorphysical
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Lenovo · 510 FHD Webcamversion=0 <4.8.0
Lenovo · Performance FHD Webcamversion=0 <4.8.0

Published CVSS scores

6.8Lenovo Group Ltd.CVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.0Lenovo Group Ltd.CVSS:4.0/AV:P/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorphysical
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-347Improper Verification of Cryptographic Signature

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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