CVE-2025-4331Public exploitNetwork attack vector

Database data exposure and alteration via login query

Published May 6, 2025 · Updated May 20, 2025

SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Student Clearance System 1.0 allows remote attackers to read and alter database data via the admin login. The Admin/login.php handler directly concatenates the txtusername value into an SQL statement without validation, escaping, or parameterization. The login endpoint requires no prior authentication, and time-based payloads can extract database contents, including administrator records.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability0.58%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

SQL injection in SourceCodester Online Student Clearance System 1.0 allows remote attackers to read and alter database data via the admin login. The Admin/login.php handler directly concatenates the txtusername value into an SQL statement without validation, escaping, or parameterization. The login endpoint requires no prior authentication, and time-based payloads can extract database contents, including administrator records.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-4331
Published
May 6, 2025
Updated
May 20, 2025
Vendor
Online Computer and Laptop Store Project
Product
Online Student Clearance System
Classifications
CWE-74, CWE-89, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 6, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 20, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=1.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Online Computer and Laptop Store Project · Online Student Clearance Systemversion=1.0

Published CVSS scores

7.5VulDBAV:N/AC:L/Au:N/C:P/I:P/A:P
7.3VulDBCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
6.9VulDBCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
9.8NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-74Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
CWE-89Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an SQL Command ('SQL Injection')
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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