CVE-2025-43221

Process-memory disclosure via USD buffer over-read

Published Jul 29, 2025 · Updated Apr 2, 2026

Out-of-bounds read in Apple Model I/O allows attackers to disclose process memory by supplying a maliciously crafted USD file. Within USD importNodeAnimations, user-supplied data is not validated before a read proceeds past the end of an allocated buffer. Exploitation requires an application to process the file with the USD library and can also terminate the app; arbitrary code execution requires chaining with another flaw.

CVSS severity7.1
High
EPSS probability0.21%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Out-of-bounds read in Apple Model I/O allows attackers to disclose process memory by supplying a maliciously crafted USD file. Within USD importNodeAnimations, user-supplied data is not validated before a read proceeds past the end of an allocated buffer. Exploitation requires an application to process the file with the USD library and can also terminate the app; arbitrary code execution requires chaining with another flaw.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-43221
Published
Jul 29, 2025
Updated
Apr 2, 2026
Vendor
Apple
Product
iOS and iPadOS
Classifications
CWE-125, T1204.002
Attack vector
local
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 29, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 2, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <18.6

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Apple · iOS and iPadOSversion=0 <18.6
Apple · visionOSversion=0 <2.6
Apple · tvOSversion=0 <18.6
Apple · macOSversion=0 <15.6

Published CVSS scores

7.1CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H
3.3Trend Micro Zero Day InitiativeCVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-125Out-of-bounds Read
T1204.002Malicious File

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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