CVE-2025-4261Public exploit

Local code execution via unvalidated exec input

Published May 5, 2025 · Updated May 5, 2025

Code injection in GAIR-NLP FacTool at commit 3f3914bc090b644be044b7e0005113c135d8b20f allows local users to execute Python code. The python_executor.run_single method passes its program argument to exec twice without validation or restriction. Exploitation requires local low-privileged access and runs injected code with the FacTool process permissions, enabling file access, system changes, or command execution.

CVSS severity4.8
Medium
EPSS probability0.22%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Code injection in GAIR-NLP FacTool at commit 3f3914bc090b644be044b7e0005113c135d8b20f allows local users to execute Python code. The python_executor.run_single method passes its program argument to exec twice without validation or restriction. Exploitation requires local low-privileged access and runs injected code with the FacTool process permissions, enabling file access, system changes, or command execution.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-4261
Published
May 5, 2025
Updated
May 5, 2025
Vendor
Generative Artificial Intelligence Research Lab (GAIR)
Product
FacTool
Classifications
CWE-94, CWE-74, T1059.006
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 5, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 5, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=3f3914bc090b644be044b7e0005113c135d8b20f

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Generative Artificial Intelligence Research Lab (GAIR) · FacToolversion=3f3914bc090b644be044b7e0005113c135d8b20f

Published CVSS scores

5.3VulDBCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
4.3VulDBAV:L/AC:L/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P
5.3VulDBCVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
4.8VulDBCVSS:4.0/AV:L/AC:L/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-94Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
CWE-74Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
T1059.006Python

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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