CVE-2025-4231Network attack vector

Root actions via management web interface command injection

Published Jun 12, 2025 · Updated Feb 26, 2026

Command injection in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS allows remote authenticated users to perform actions as root through its management web interface. Palo Alto Networks has not published the affected request parameter or the operation that passes it to a system command without neutralization. Exploitation requires network access to the management web interface and a successfully authenticated administrative account, granting control with root privileges.

CVSS severity8.6
High
EPSS probability0.97%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Command injection in Palo Alto Networks PAN-OS allows remote authenticated users to perform actions as root through its management web interface. Palo Alto Networks has not published the affected request parameter or the operation that passes it to a system command without neutralization. Exploitation requires network access to the management web interface and a successfully authenticated administrative account, granting control with root privileges.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-4231
Published
Jun 12, 2025
Updated
Feb 26, 2026
Vendor
Palo Alto Networks
Product
PAN-OS
Classifications
CWE-77, CAPEC-233, T1059
Attack vector
network
Privileges
admin

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jun 12, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 26, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=10.1.0
  2. Affected versionversion=10.2.0 <10.2.8 changes=[{"at":"10.2.8","status":"unaffected"}]
  3. Affected versionversion=11.0.0 <11.0.3 changes=[{"at":"11.0.3","status":"unaffected"}]

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesadmin

What is affected?

Palo Alto Networks · PAN-OSversion=10.1.0; version=10.2.0 <10.2.8 changes=[{"at":"10.2.8","status":"unaffected"}]; version=11.0.0 <11.0.3 changes=[{"at":"11.0.3","status":"unaffected"}]

Published CVSS scores

8.6GitHub Advisory DatabaseCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:N/R:U/V:C/RE:M/U:Amber
6.1Palo Alto NetworksCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:H/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:L/SI:N/SA:N/E:U/AU:N/R:U/V:C/RE:M/U:Amber

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesadmin
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-77Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in a Command ('Command Injection')
CAPEC-233Privilege Escalation
T1059Command and Scripting Interpreter

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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