CVE-2025-41656Network attack vector

Unauthenticated command execution via unprotected Node-RED flows

Published Jul 1, 2025 · Updated Jul 1, 2025

Missing authentication in Node-RED on Pilz IndustrialPI 4 Firmware Bullseye 2024-08 and earlier allows remote attackers to run commands. The default Node-RED configuration leaves its editor and Admin API without adminAuth, permitting anonymous users to create or alter flows containing command-executing code blocks. Network access to an enabled Node-RED service is sufficient to execute operating system commands with privileged rights.

CVSS severity10.0
Critical
EPSS probability12.67%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Missing authentication in Node-RED on Pilz IndustrialPI 4 Firmware Bullseye 2024-08 and earlier allows remote attackers to run commands. The default Node-RED configuration leaves its editor and Admin API without adminAuth, permitting anonymous users to create or alter flows containing command-executing code blocks. Network access to an enabled Node-RED service is sufficient to execute operating system commands with privileged rights.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-41656
Published
Jul 1, 2025
Updated
Jul 1, 2025
Vendor
Pilz GmbH & Co. KG
Product
IndustrialPI 4
Classifications
CWE-306, T1059
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 1, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jul 1, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <=2024-08

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Pilz GmbH & Co. KG · IndustrialPI 4version=0 <=2024-08

Published CVSS scores

10.0CERT@VDECVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-306Missing Authentication for Critical Function
T1059Command and Scripting Interpreter

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo