CVE-2025-41243Network attack vector

Environment property modification via SpEL assignment

Published Sep 16, 2025 · Updated Sep 16, 2025

Expression language injection in Spring Cloud Gateway Server WebFlux allows remote attackers to modify Spring Environment properties. GatewayEvaluationContext evaluates attacker-controlled route shortcut expressions with assignment enabled, allowing crafted expressions to write bean-backed properties. Exploitation requires the WebFlux gateway actuator endpoint to be included in web exposure, reachable, and unsecured; WebMVC is unaffected.

CVSS severity10.0
Critical
EPSS probability3.55%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Expression language injection in Spring Cloud Gateway Server WebFlux allows remote attackers to modify Spring Environment properties. GatewayEvaluationContext evaluates attacker-controlled route shortcut expressions with assignment enabled, allowing crafted expressions to write bean-backed properties. Exploitation requires the WebFlux gateway actuator endpoint to be included in web exposure, reachable, and unsecured; WebMVC is unaffected.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-41243
Published
Sep 16, 2025
Updated
Sep 16, 2025
Vendor
Spring
Product
Spring Cloud Gateway
Classifications
CWE-917, CWE-94, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Sep 16, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Sep 16, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=3.1.x <3.1.11
  2. Affected versionversion=4.1.x, 4.0.x <4.1.11
  3. Affected versionversion=4.2.x <4.2.5
  4. Affected versionversion=4.3.x <4.3.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Spring · Spring Cloud Gatewayversion=3.1.x <3.1.11; version=4.1.x, 4.0.x <4.1.11; version=4.2.x <4.2.5; version=4.3.x <4.3.1

Published CVSS scores

10.0VMwareCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-917Improper Neutralization of Special Elements used in an Expression Language Statement ('Expression Language Injection')
CWE-94Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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