CVE-2025-40924Network attack vector

Session hijacking via predictable session identifiers

Published Jul 17, 2025 · Updated Jul 17, 2025

Predictable session IDs in Catalyst::Plugin::Session before 0.44 allow remote attackers to access sessions via guessed identifiers. The generate_session_id path hashes a counter, epoch time, Perl's noncryptographic rand output, process ID, and Catalyst context, leaving too little entropy. An unauthenticated network attacker who can estimate these inputs can impersonate a session holder and read or modify data available through that session.

CVSS severity6.5
Medium
EPSS probability0.26%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Predictable session IDs in Catalyst::Plugin::Session before 0.44 allow remote attackers to access sessions via guessed identifiers. The generate_session_id path hashes a counter, epoch time, Perl's noncryptographic rand output, process ID, and Catalyst context, leaving too little entropy. An unauthenticated network attacker who can estimate these inputs can impersonate a session holder and read or modify data available through that session.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-40924
Published
Jul 17, 2025
Updated
Jul 17, 2025
Vendor
Graham Knop
Product
Catalyst::Plugin::Session
Classifications
CWE-338, CWE-340, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 17, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jul 17, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0.01 <0.44

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Graham Knop · Catalyst::Plugin::Sessionversion=0.01 <0.44

Published CVSS scores

6.5CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-338Use of Cryptographically Weak Pseudo-Random Number Generator
CWE-340Generation of Predictable Numbers or Identifiers
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo