CVE-2025-40604Network attack vector

Persistent code execution via unsigned filesystem images

Published Nov 20, 2025 · Updated Feb 26, 2026

Code integrity failure in SonicWall Email Security 10.0.33.8195 and earlier allows attackers to gain persistent code execution. The appliance loads root filesystem images without verifying their signatures, so modified VMDK-backed files become trusted system files. Exploitation requires access to the VMDK or its datastore and permits persistent modification of the appliance filesystem.

CVSS severity9.8
Critical
EPSS probability0.19%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Code integrity failure in SonicWall Email Security 10.0.33.8195 and earlier allows attackers to gain persistent code execution. The appliance loads root filesystem images without verifying their signatures, so modified VMDK-backed files become trusted system files. Exploitation requires access to the VMDK or its datastore and permits persistent modification of the appliance filesystem.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-40604
Published
Nov 20, 2025
Updated
Feb 26, 2026
Vendor
SonicWall
Product
Email Security
Classifications
CWE-494, T1601.001
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Nov 20, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Feb 26, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=10.0.33.8195 and earlier versions

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

SonicWall · Email Securityversion=10.0.33.8195 and earlier versions

Published CVSS scores

9.8NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
6.5CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-494Download of Code Without Integrity Check
T1601.001Patch System Image

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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