CVE-2025-39949

Kernel panic via unclamped firmware element count

Published Oct 4, 2025 · Updated Oct 4, 2025

Out-of-bounds writes in affected Linux kernels allow local users to crash the kernel through a QED protection-override dump. qed_protection_override_dump trusts a firmware-supplied GRC element count and passes a length larger than the 40-dword allocation into qed_grc_dump_addr_range. The path requires a QED-backed qede or qedf device and a local ethtool or devlink dump request; the overrun can also expose or corrupt adjacent kernel memory.

CVSS severity7.8
High
EPSS probability0.15%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Out-of-bounds writes in affected Linux kernels allow local users to crash the kernel through a QED protection-override dump. qed_protection_override_dump trusts a firmware-supplied GRC element count and passes a length larger than the 40-dword allocation into qed_grc_dump_addr_range. The path requires a QED-backed qede or qedf device and a local ethtool or devlink dump request; the overrun can also expose or corrupt adjacent kernel memory.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-39949
Published
Oct 4, 2025
Updated
Oct 4, 2025
Vendor
The Linux Kernel Organization
Product
Linux
Classifications
T1499.004
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Oct 4, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Oct 4, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=4.18
  2. Affected versionversion=d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f <25672c620421fa2105703a94a29a03487245e6d6
  3. Affected versionversion=d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f <56c0a2a9ddc2f5b5078c5fb0f81ab76bbc3d4c37
  4. Affected versionversion=d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f <660b2a8f5a306a28c7efc1b4990ecc4912a68f87
  5. Affected versionversion=d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f <70affe82e38fd3dc76b9c68b5a1989f11e7fa0f3
  6. Affected versionversion=d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f <8141910869596b7a3a5d9b46107da2191d523f82
  7. Affected versionversion=d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f <e0e24571a7b2f8c8f06e25d3417253ebbdbc8d5c
  8. Affected versionversion=d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f <ea53e6a47e148b490b1c652fc65d2de5a086df76

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

The Linux Kernel Organization · Linuxversion=4.18; version=d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f <25672c620421fa2105703a94a29a03487245e6d6; version=d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f <56c0a2a9ddc2f5b5078c5fb0f81ab76bbc3d4c37; version=d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f <660b2a8f5a306a28c7efc1b4990ecc4912a68f87; version=d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f <70affe82e38fd3dc76b9c68b5a1989f11e7fa0f3; version=d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f <8141910869596b7a3a5d9b46107da2191d523f82; version=d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f <e0e24571a7b2f8c8f06e25d3417253ebbdbc8d5c; version=d52c89f120de849575f6b2e5948038f2be12ce6f <ea53e6a47e148b490b1c652fc65d2de5a086df76

Published CVSS scores

5.5CanonicalCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
7.8LinuxCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.0Amazon LinuxCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

T1499.004Application or System Exploitation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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