CVE-2025-3984Network attack vector

Authenticated code injection via unvalidated service definition

Published Apr 27, 2025 · Updated Apr 28, 2025

Code injection in Apereo CAS 5.2.6 allows remote authenticated users to execute Groovy code through a crafted service definition. The saveService endpoint deserializes a request body as a RegisteredService and passes it directly to servicesManager.save without validating its subtype or embedded Groovy content. Low-privileged management access is required, and successful injection executes code in the server context.

CVSS severity7.5
High
EPSS probability0.46%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Code injection in Apereo CAS 5.2.6 allows remote authenticated users to execute Groovy code through a crafted service definition. The saveService endpoint deserializes a request body as a RegisteredService and passes it directly to servicesManager.save without validating its subtype or embedded Groovy content. Low-privileged management access is required, and successful injection executes code in the server context.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-3984
Published
Apr 27, 2025
Updated
Apr 28, 2025
Vendor
Apereo
Product
Apereo CAS
Classifications
CWE-94, CWE-74, T1059
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Apr 27, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 28, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=5.2.6

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Apereo · Apereo CASversion=5.2.6

Published CVSS scores

7.5NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
2.3VulDBCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:H/AT:N/PR:L/UI:N/VC:L/VI:L/VA:L/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N
4.6VulDBAV:N/AC:H/Au:S/C:P/I:P/A:P
5.0VulDBCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L
5.0VulDBCVSS:3.0/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:L

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-94Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
CWE-74Improper Neutralization of Special Elements in Output Used by a Downstream Component ('Injection')
T1059Command and Scripting Interpreter

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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