CVE-2025-39764

Local service interruption via expectation-dump refcount leak

Published Sep 11, 2025 · Updated Sep 8, 2026

Improper reference counting in Linux netfilter allows local users to exhaust kernel memory through repeated ctnetlink expectation dumps. In nf_conntrack_netlink.c, dump resumption can revisit the saved last expectation and increment its reference count twice instead of retaining only a cookie, leaking the object. Low-privileged local access is required; repeated reachable dumps consume memory and can interrupt service without reported data disclosure or modification.

CVSS severity5.5
Medium
EPSS probability0.17%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper reference counting in Linux netfilter allows local users to exhaust kernel memory through repeated ctnetlink expectation dumps. In nf_conntrack_netlink.c, dump resumption can revisit the saved last expectation and increment its reference count twice instead of retaining only a cookie, leaking the object. Low-privileged local access is required; repeated reachable dumps consume memory and can interrupt service without reported data disclosure or modification.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-39764
Published
Sep 11, 2025
Updated
Sep 8, 2026
Vendor
Siemens
Product
SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFP
Classifications
CWE-911, T1499.004
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Sep 11, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Sep 8, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=V3.1.5 <*
  2. Affected versionversion=V3.1.6 <*

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Siemens · SIPLUS S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFPversion=V3.1.5 <*; version=V3.1.6 <*
The Linux Kernel Organization · Linuxversion=2.6.23; version=cf6994c2b9812a9f02b99e89df411ffc5db9c779 <078d33c95bf534d37aa04269d1ae6158e20082d5; version=cf6994c2b9812a9f02b99e89df411ffc5db9c779 <1492e3dcb2be3aa46d1963da96aa9593e4e4db5a; version=cf6994c2b9812a9f02b99e89df411ffc5db9c779 <64b7684042246e3238464c66894e30ba30c7e851; version=cf6994c2b9812a9f02b99e89df411ffc5db9c779 <9e5021a906532ca16e2aac69c0607711e1c70b1f; version=cf6994c2b9812a9f02b99e89df411ffc5db9c779 <a4d634ded4d3d400f115d84f654f316f249531c9; version=cf6994c2b9812a9f02b99e89df411ffc5db9c779 <b05500444b8eb97644efdd180839a04a706be97c; version=cf6994c2b9812a9f02b99e89df411ffc5db9c779 <bada48ad5b0590e318d0f79636ff62a2ef9f4955
Siemens · SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518F-4 PN/DP MFPversion=V3.1.5 <*; version=V3.1.6 <*
Siemens · SIMATIC S7-1500 CPU 1518-4 PN/DP MFPversion=V3.1.5 <*; version=V3.1.6 <*

Published CVSS scores

5.5Siemens ProductCERTCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-911Improper Update of Reference Count
T1499.004Application or System Exploitation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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