CVE-2025-38331Network attack vector

Remote network lockup via disabled TOE

Published Jul 10, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026

Denial of service in the Cortina Gemini Ethernet driver in Linux allows remote attackers to disable networking via sustained TCP traffic. The transmit path leaves the coupled TOE/TSO engine's TOE function disabled for non-segmented TCP frames instead of offloading their full skb length. Any unauthenticated sender on a routable path can drive the ordinary transmit path until the interface remains locked and requires a reboot.

CVSS severity7.5
High
EPSS probability0.32%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Denial of service in the Cortina Gemini Ethernet driver in Linux allows remote attackers to disable networking via sustained TCP traffic. The transmit path leaves the coupled TOE/TSO engine's TOE function disabled for non-segmented TCP frames instead of offloading their full skb length. Any unauthenticated sender on a routable path can drive the ordinary transmit path until the interface remains locked and requires a reboot.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-38331
Published
Jul 10, 2025
Updated
Aug 5, 2026
Vendor
The Linux Kernel Organization
Product
Linux
Classifications
T1499.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 10, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 5, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=4.16
  2. Affected versionversion=4d5ae32f5e1e13f7f36d6439ec3257993b9f5b88 <1b503b790109d19710ec83c589c3ee59e95347ec
  3. Affected versionversion=4d5ae32f5e1e13f7f36d6439ec3257993b9f5b88 <2bd434bb0eeb680c2b3dd6c68ca319b30cb8d47f
  4. Affected versionversion=4d5ae32f5e1e13f7f36d6439ec3257993b9f5b88 <6a07e3af4973402fa199a80036c10060b922c92c
  5. Affected versionversion=4d5ae32f5e1e13f7f36d6439ec3257993b9f5b88 <a37888a435b0737128d2d9c6f67b8d608f83df7a
  6. Affected versionversion=4d5ae32f5e1e13f7f36d6439ec3257993b9f5b88 <ebe12e232f1d58ebb4b53b6d9149962b707bed91

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

The Linux Kernel Organization · Linuxversion=4.16; version=4d5ae32f5e1e13f7f36d6439ec3257993b9f5b88 <1b503b790109d19710ec83c589c3ee59e95347ec; version=4d5ae32f5e1e13f7f36d6439ec3257993b9f5b88 <2bd434bb0eeb680c2b3dd6c68ca319b30cb8d47f; version=4d5ae32f5e1e13f7f36d6439ec3257993b9f5b88 <6a07e3af4973402fa199a80036c10060b922c92c; version=4d5ae32f5e1e13f7f36d6439ec3257993b9f5b88 <a37888a435b0737128d2d9c6f67b8d608f83df7a; version=4d5ae32f5e1e13f7f36d6439ec3257993b9f5b88 <ebe12e232f1d58ebb4b53b6d9149962b707bed91

Published CVSS scores

7.5kernel.orgCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
5.5NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
5.5Canonical UbuntuCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

T1499.004Application or System Exploitation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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