CVE-2025-37948

Local data exposure via cBPF branch-history manipulation

Published May 20, 2025 · Updated May 11, 2026

Information disclosure in the arm64 Linux kernel allows local users to steer speculative execution through classic cBPF seccomp filters. The cBPF JIT epilogue returns without the branch-history-buffer mitigation sequence, leaving attacker-influenced branch history to guide subsequent speculation. Exploitation requires local execution and a classic seccomp filter; upstream material does not identify the specific data exposed by transient execution.

CVSS severity5.5
Medium
EPSS probability0.19%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Information disclosure in the arm64 Linux kernel allows local users to steer speculative execution through classic cBPF seccomp filters. The cBPF JIT epilogue returns without the branch-history-buffer mitigation sequence, leaving attacker-influenced branch history to guide subsequent speculation. Exploitation requires local execution and a classic seccomp filter; upstream material does not identify the specific data exposed by transient execution.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-37948
Published
May 20, 2025
Updated
May 11, 2026
Vendor
The Linux Kernel Organization
Product
Linux
Classifications
Unavailable
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 20, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 11, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0be7320a635c2e434e8b67e0e9474a85ceb421c4 <0dfefc2ea2f29ced2416017d7e5b1253a54c2735
  2. Affected versionversion=0be7320a635c2e434e8b67e0e9474a85ceb421c4 <38c345fd54afd9d6ed8d3fcddf3f6ea23887bf78
  3. Affected versionversion=0be7320a635c2e434e8b67e0e9474a85ceb421c4 <42a20cf51011788f04cf2adbcd7681f02bdb6c27
  4. Affected versionversion=0be7320a635c2e434e8b67e0e9474a85ceb421c4 <852b8ae934b5cbdc62496fa56ce9969aa2edda7f
  5. Affected versionversion=0be7320a635c2e434e8b67e0e9474a85ceb421c4 <8fe5c37b0e08a97cf0210bb75970e945aaaeebab
  6. Affected versionversion=0be7320a635c2e434e8b67e0e9474a85ceb421c4 <993f63239c219696aef8887a4e7d3a16bf5a8ece
  7. Affected versionversion=0be7320a635c2e434e8b67e0e9474a85ceb421c4 <c6a8735d841bcb7649734bb3a787bb174c67c0d8
  8. Affected versionversion=3.7

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

The Linux Kernel Organization · Linuxversion=0be7320a635c2e434e8b67e0e9474a85ceb421c4 <0dfefc2ea2f29ced2416017d7e5b1253a54c2735; version=0be7320a635c2e434e8b67e0e9474a85ceb421c4 <38c345fd54afd9d6ed8d3fcddf3f6ea23887bf78; version=0be7320a635c2e434e8b67e0e9474a85ceb421c4 <42a20cf51011788f04cf2adbcd7681f02bdb6c27; version=0be7320a635c2e434e8b67e0e9474a85ceb421c4 <852b8ae934b5cbdc62496fa56ce9969aa2edda7f; version=0be7320a635c2e434e8b67e0e9474a85ceb421c4 <8fe5c37b0e08a97cf0210bb75970e945aaaeebab; version=0be7320a635c2e434e8b67e0e9474a85ceb421c4 <993f63239c219696aef8887a4e7d3a16bf5a8ece; version=0be7320a635c2e434e8b67e0e9474a85ceb421c4 <c6a8735d841bcb7649734bb3a787bb174c67c0d8; version=3.7

Published CVSS scores

5.5NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
5.3Amazon LinuxCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:H/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:N/A:N
6.3SUSECVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

No sourced classifications are available.

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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