CVE-2025-37893

Kernel hard lockup via miscomputed BPF epilogue

Published Apr 18, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026

Off-by-one error in the LoongArch BPF JIT in Linux allows local users to hard-lock affected kernels through a crafted BPF program. build_prologue() emits N instructions during its sizing pass but N+1 during code generation, leaving epilogue_offset one instruction short and omitting the expected terminal jirl path. Reachability requires LoongArch and permission to load BPF programs; execution of the wrong epilogue target can loop indefinitely in kernel context and interrupt the host.

CVSS severity7.8
High
EPSS probability0.28%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Off-by-one error in the LoongArch BPF JIT in Linux allows local users to hard-lock affected kernels through a crafted BPF program. build_prologue() emits N instructions during its sizing pass but N+1 during code generation, leaving epilogue_offset one instruction short and omitting the expected terminal jirl path. Reachability requires LoongArch and permission to load BPF programs; execution of the wrong epilogue target can loop indefinitely in kernel context and interrupt the host.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-37893
Published
Apr 18, 2025
Updated
Aug 5, 2026
Vendor
The Linux Kernel Organization
Product
Linux
Classifications
CWE-193, T1499
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Apr 18, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 5, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=5dc615520c4dfb358245680f1904bad61116648e <205a2182c51ffebaef54d643e3745e720cded08b
  2. Affected versionversion=5dc615520c4dfb358245680f1904bad61116648e <48b904de2408af5f936f0e03f48dfcddeab58aa0
  3. Affected versionversion=5dc615520c4dfb358245680f1904bad61116648e <7e2586991e36663c9bc48c828b83eab180ad30a9
  4. Affected versionversion=5dc615520c4dfb358245680f1904bad61116648e <b3ffad2f02db4aace6799fe0049508b8925eae45
  5. Affected versionversion=5dc615520c4dfb358245680f1904bad61116648e <c74d95a5679741ef428974ab788f5b0758dc78ae
  6. Affected versionversion=6.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

The Linux Kernel Organization · Linuxversion=5dc615520c4dfb358245680f1904bad61116648e <205a2182c51ffebaef54d643e3745e720cded08b; version=5dc615520c4dfb358245680f1904bad61116648e <48b904de2408af5f936f0e03f48dfcddeab58aa0; version=5dc615520c4dfb358245680f1904bad61116648e <7e2586991e36663c9bc48c828b83eab180ad30a9; version=5dc615520c4dfb358245680f1904bad61116648e <b3ffad2f02db4aace6799fe0049508b8925eae45; version=5dc615520c4dfb358245680f1904bad61116648e <c74d95a5679741ef428974ab788f5b0758dc78ae; version=6.1

Published CVSS scores

7.8Linux kernel CNACVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
5.5CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
5.5NIST NVDCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-193Off-by-one Error
T1499Endpoint Denial of Service

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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