CVE-2025-37822

Privileged kernel misexecution via stale XOL instructions

Published May 8, 2025 · Updated Aug 5, 2026

Instruction-cache incoherence in Linux kernel RISC-V uprobes allows local users with tracing capability to execute stale XOL instructions. The arch_uprobe_copy_ixol path writes the execute-out-of-line buffer but fails to flush the instruction cache before single-stepping it. Exploitation requires CAP_PERFMON or CAP_SYS_ADMIN, and stale instruction execution can disrupt traced processes or kernel operation.

CVSS severity7.8
High
EPSS probability0.27%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Instruction-cache incoherence in Linux kernel RISC-V uprobes allows local users with tracing capability to execute stale XOL instructions. The arch_uprobe_copy_ixol path writes the execute-out-of-line buffer but fails to flush the instruction cache before single-stepping it. Exploitation requires CAP_PERFMON or CAP_SYS_ADMIN, and stale instruction execution can disrupt traced processes or kernel operation.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-37822
Published
May 8, 2025
Updated
Aug 5, 2026
Vendor
The Linux Kernel Organization
Product
Linux
Classifications
Unavailable
Attack vector
local
Privileges
admin

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 8, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 5, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=5.12
  2. Affected versionversion=74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6 <1dbb95a36499374c51b47ee8ae258a8862c20978
  3. Affected versionversion=74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6 <77c956152a3a7c7a18b68f3654f70565b2181d03
  4. Affected versionversion=74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6 <7d1d19a11cfbfd8bae1d89cc010b2cc397cd0c48
  5. Affected versionversion=74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6 <b6d8d4d01ca8514fa89b05355f296758a91e2297
  6. Affected versionversion=74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6 <bcf6d3158c5902d92b6d62335af4422b7bf7c4e2
  7. Affected versionversion=74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6 <be6d98766ac952d38241d5a5b213f363afa421c3

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesadmin

What is affected?

The Linux Kernel Organization · Linuxversion=5.12; version=74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6 <1dbb95a36499374c51b47ee8ae258a8862c20978; version=74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6 <77c956152a3a7c7a18b68f3654f70565b2181d03; version=74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6 <7d1d19a11cfbfd8bae1d89cc010b2cc397cd0c48; version=74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6 <b6d8d4d01ca8514fa89b05355f296758a91e2297; version=74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6 <bcf6d3158c5902d92b6d62335af4422b7bf7c4e2; version=74784081aac8a0f3636965fc230e2d3b7cc123c6 <be6d98766ac952d38241d5a5b213f363afa421c3

Published CVSS scores

5.5Amazon LinuxCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
5.5SUSECVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:N/A:H
7.8LinuxCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesadmin
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

No sourced classifications are available.

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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