CVE-2025-3509Network attack vector

Authenticated code execution via temporary port binding

Published Apr 17, 2025 · Updated Jun 18, 2025

Code injection in affected GitHub Enterprise Server releases allows remote authenticated users to execute code via pre-receive hooks. A hook can bind a dynamically allocated port that briefly becomes available during operations such as hot patching, exposing privileged internal services to hook-controlled traffic. Reachability requires site administrator rights, or repository modification rights when pre-receive hooks are enabled, plus the transient port window; exploitation executes code and can escalate privileges on the instance.

CVSS severity7.1
High
EPSS probability1.29%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Code injection in affected GitHub Enterprise Server releases allows remote authenticated users to execute code via pre-receive hooks. A hook can bind a dynamically allocated port that briefly becomes available during operations such as hot patching, exposing privileged internal services to hook-controlled traffic. Reachability requires site administrator rights, or repository modification rights when pre-receive hooks are enabled, plus the transient port window; exploitation executes code and can escalate privileges on the instance.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-3509
Published
Apr 17, 2025
Updated
Jun 18, 2025
Vendor
Twitter
Product
GitHub Enterprise Server
Classifications
CWE-94, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Apr 17, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jun 18, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=13.17.0 <13.17.1 changes=[{"at":"3.17.1","status":"unaffected"}]
  2. Affected versionversion=3.13.0 <=3.13.15 changes=[{"at":"3.13.16","status":"unaffected"}]
  3. Affected versionversion=3.14.0 <=3.14.12 changes=[{"at":"3.14.13","status":"unaffected"}]
  4. Affected versionversion=3.15.0 <=3.15.7 changes=[{"at":"3.15.8","status":"unaffected"}]
  5. Affected versionversion=3.16.0 <=3.16.3 changes=[{"at":"3.16.4","status":"unaffected"}]

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Twitter · GitHub Enterprise Serverversion=13.17.0 <13.17.1 changes=[{"at":"3.17.1","status":"unaffected"}]; version=3.13.0 <=3.13.15 changes=[{"at":"3.13.16","status":"unaffected"}]; version=3.14.0 <=3.14.12 changes=[{"at":"3.14.13","status":"unaffected"}]; version=3.15.0 <=3.15.7 changes=[{"at":"3.15.8","status":"unaffected"}]; version=3.16.0 <=3.16.3 changes=[{"at":"3.16.4","status":"unaffected"}]

Published CVSS scores

7.1GitHub Advisory DatabaseCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:H/UI:N/VC:L/VI:H/VA:L/SC:L/SI:H/SA:L/E:X/CR:X/IR:X/AR:X/MAV:X/MAC:X/MAT:X/MPR:X/MUI:X/MVC:X/MVI:X/MVA:X/MSC:X/MSI:X/MSA:X/S:X/AU:N/R:U/V:C/RE:M/U:Amber

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-94Improper Control of Generation of Code ('Code Injection')
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo