CVE-2025-3501Network attack vector

Outbound traffic interception via disabled certificate validation

Published Apr 29, 2025 · Updated Nov 20, 2025

Certificate validation bypass in affected Keycloak releases allows remote attackers to intercept outbound HTTPS or SMTP requests. In JSSETruststoreConfigurator, the ANY hostname policy replaces normal trust managers with an X509TrustManager whose certificate checks accept every chain. Exploitation requires the nondefault ANY setting and control of or redirection to an outbound peer, enabling server impersonation and exposure or modification of exchanged data.

CVSS severity8.2
High
EPSS probability0.44%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Certificate validation bypass in affected Keycloak releases allows remote attackers to intercept outbound HTTPS or SMTP requests. In JSSETruststoreConfigurator, the ANY hostname policy replaces normal trust managers with an X509TrustManager whose certificate checks accept every chain. Exploitation requires the nondefault ANY setting and control of or redirection to an outbound peer, enabling server impersonation and exposure or modification of exchanged data.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-3501
Published
Apr 29, 2025
Updated
Nov 20, 2025
Vendor
389 Directory Server
Product
Red Hat build of Keycloak
Classifications
CWE-297, T1557
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Apr 29, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Nov 20, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Affected versions are unavailable in this record. Check the vendor advisory for version and patch details.

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

389 Directory Server · Red Hat build of KeycloakAffected versions are unavailable in this record.
Keycloak · Keycloakversion=25.0.0 <25.*; version=26.0.0 <26.0.11; version=26.2.0 <26.2.2

Published CVSS scores

8.2Red HatCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-297Improper Validation of Certificate with Host Mismatch
T1557Adversary-in-the-Middle

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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