CVE-2025-3495Network attack vector

Unauthenticated code execution via brute-forced session IDs

Published Apr 16, 2025 · Updated Aug 19, 2025

Authentication bypass in Delta Electronics COMMGR v1 and COMMGR v2 2.9.0 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code. The PLC simulator service on TCP port 8895 generates insufficiently random session identifiers, allowing a valid identifier to be found by brute force. No authentication is required, and possession of a valid session permits code to be loaded and executed on the Windows host.

CVSS severity9.3
Critical
EPSS probability0.72%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Authentication bypass in Delta Electronics COMMGR v1 and COMMGR v2 2.9.0 and earlier allows remote attackers to execute arbitrary code. The PLC simulator service on TCP port 8895 generates insufficiently random session identifiers, allowing a valid identifier to be found by brute force. No authentication is required, and possession of a valid session permits code to be loaded and executed on the Windows host.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-3495
Published
Apr 16, 2025
Updated
Aug 19, 2025
Vendor
Delta Electronics, Inc.
Product
COMMGR
Classifications
CWE-338, CAPEC-21, T0866
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Apr 16, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Aug 19, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Delta Electronics, Inc. · COMMGRversion=0

Published CVSS scores

9.8CISACVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
9.3CISACVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-338Use of Cryptographically Weak Pseudo-Random Number Generator (PRNG)
CAPEC-21Exploitation of Trusted Identifiers
T0866Exploitation of Remote Services

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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