CVE-2025-34031Known exploitationPublic exploitNetwork attack vector

Unauthenticated file read via unvalidated JSmol query

Published Jun 24, 2025 · Updated May 14, 2026

Path traversal in Moodle Jmol Plugin 6.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to read arbitrary server files without authentication. The jsmol.php proxy passes the query parameter directly to file_get_contents() without validating or restricting the requested path. Any network client that can reach the standalone PHP script can read files accessible to the web-server process, including configuration data and database credentials.

CVSS severity8.7
High
EPSS probability3.01%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationReported
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Path traversal in Moodle Jmol Plugin 6.1 and earlier allows remote attackers to read arbitrary server files without authentication. The jsmol.php proxy passes the query parameter directly to file_get_contents() without validating or restricting the requested path. Any network client that can reach the standalone PHP script can read files accessible to the web-server process, including configuration data and database credentials.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-34031
Published
Jun 24, 2025
Updated
May 14, 2026
Vendor
Moodle
Product
Jmol Plugin
Classifications
CWE-22, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Feb 2, 2025Exploitation reportedShadowserver JSmol honeypot exploitation activity
  2. Jun 24, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  3. May 14, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <=6.1

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Moodle · Jmol Pluginversion=0 <=6.1

Published CVSS scores

8.7VulnCheckCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:N/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:N/VA:N/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationReported
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-22Improper Limitation of a Pathname to a Restricted Directory ('Path Traversal')
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Reported exploitation

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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