CVE-2025-32441Network attack vector

Post-logout session reuse via concurrent stale writes

Published May 7, 2025 · Updated May 8, 2025

Session expiration failure in Rack before 2.2.14 allows remote attackers to retain access through a concurrent stale request. Rack::Session::Pool loads session data at request start and later stores that stale data without verifying that another thread deleted the session. Exploitation requires an acquired session cookie and a long-running request timed across the legitimate user's logout, preserving illicit access after logout.

CVSS severity4.2
Medium
EPSS probability0.23%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Session expiration failure in Rack before 2.2.14 allows remote attackers to retain access through a concurrent stale request. Rack::Session::Pool loads session data at request start and later stores that stale data without verifying that another thread deleted the session. Exploitation requires an acquired session cookie and a long-running request timed across the legitimate user's logout, preserving illicit access after logout.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-32441
Published
May 7, 2025
Updated
May 8, 2025
Vendor
Rack
Product
Rack
Classifications
CWE-367, CWE-362, CWE-613, T1550.004
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 7, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 8, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< 2.2.14

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Rack · Rackversion=< 2.2.14

Published CVSS scores

4.2GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:L/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-367Time-of-check Time-of-use (TOCTOU) Race Condition
CWE-362Concurrent Execution using Shared Resource with Improper Synchronization ('Race Condition')
CWE-613Insufficient Session Expiration
T1550.004Use Alternate Authentication Material: Web Session Cookie

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo