CVE-2025-32433Known exploitationPublic exploitNetwork attack vector

Unauthenticated code execution via premature SSH message processing

Published Apr 16, 2025 · Updated Feb 26, 2026

Remote code execution in Erlang/OTP 25 before 25.3.2.20, 26 before 26.2.5.11, and 27 before 27.3.3 allows remote attackers to run code. The SSH connection handler processes message numbers 80 and higher, including channel-open and exec requests, before authentication completes instead of disconnecting. Network access to an enabled Erlang/OTP SSH daemon is sufficient; accepted exec requests run in the daemon's security context and permit host compromise.

CVSS severity10.0
Critical
EPSS probability98.75%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationReported
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Remote code execution in Erlang/OTP 25 before 25.3.2.20, 26 before 26.2.5.11, and 27 before 27.3.3 allows remote attackers to run code. The SSH connection handler processes message numbers 80 and higher, including channel-open and exec requests, before authentication completes instead of disconnecting. Network access to an enabled Erlang/OTP SSH daemon is sufficient; accepted exec requests run in the daemon's security context and permit host compromise.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-32433
Published
Apr 16, 2025
Updated
Feb 26, 2026
Vendor
Erlang
Product
Erlang/OTP
Classifications
CWE-306, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Apr 16, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. May 1, 2025Exploitation reportedActive exploitation attempts against Erlang/OTP SSH
  3. Feb 26, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=< OTP-25.3.2.20
  2. Affected versionversion=>= OTP-26.0-rc1, < OTP-26.2.5.11
  3. Affected versionversion=>= OTP-27.0-rc1, < OTP-27.3.3

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Erlang · Erlang/OTPversion=< OTP-25.3.2.20; version=>= OTP-26.0-rc1, < OTP-26.2.5.11; version=>= OTP-27.0-rc1, < OTP-27.3.3

Published CVSS scores

10.0GitHubCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationReported
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-306Missing Authentication for Critical Function
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Reported exploitation

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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