CVE-2025-31694Network attack vector

Two-factor login bypass via overridden routes

Published Mar 31, 2025 · Updated Apr 29, 2025

Incorrect authorization in Drupal TFA before 1.10.0 allows remote authenticated users to bypass two-factor login via overridden routes. The module fails to ensure that known login routes retain the route definitions expected by TFA when third-party modules override them. A valid first-factor credential is required; successful exploitation skips the configured second factor and grants the account's ordinary Drupal access.

CVSS severity8.1
High
EPSS probability0.39%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Incorrect authorization in Drupal TFA before 1.10.0 allows remote authenticated users to bypass two-factor login via overridden routes. The module fails to ensure that known login routes retain the route definitions expected by TFA when third-party modules override them. A valid first-factor credential is required; successful exploitation skips the configured second factor and grants the account's ordinary Drupal access.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-31694
Published
Mar 31, 2025
Updated
Apr 29, 2025
Vendor
OAuth.js
Product
Two-factor Authentication (TFA)
Classifications
CWE-288, CAPEC-115, T1190
Attack vector
network
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 31, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 29, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0.0.0 <1.10.0

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

OAuth.js · Two-factor Authentication (TFA)version=0.0.0 <1.10.0

Published CVSS scores

8.1CISA ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:H/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:H/A:H
7.2GitHub Advisory DatabaseCVSS:4.0/AV:N/AC:L/AT:P/PR:N/UI:N/VC:H/VI:H/VA:H/SC:N/SI:N/SA:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-288Authentication Bypass Using an Alternate Path or Channel
CAPEC-115Authentication Bypass
T1190Exploit Public-Facing Application

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

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Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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