CVE-2025-31281Network attack vector

App crash via malformed Model I/O file

Published Jul 29, 2025 · Updated Apr 2, 2026

Improper input validation in Model I/O in Apple iOS, iPadOS, macOS, tvOS, and visionOS allows attackers to crash an app with a crafted file. Apple has not disclosed which Model I/O parser or memory-handling operation fails to validate the file. Exploitation requires Model I/O to process attacker-controlled file content; Apple reports only unexpected app termination, not system compromise or data access.

CVSS severity9.1
Critical
EPSS probability1.17%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper input validation in Model I/O in Apple iOS, iPadOS, macOS, tvOS, and visionOS allows attackers to crash an app with a crafted file. Apple has not disclosed which Model I/O parser or memory-handling operation fails to validate the file. Exploitation requires Model I/O to process attacker-controlled file content; Apple reports only unexpected app termination, not system compromise or data access.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-31281
Published
Jul 29, 2025
Updated
Apr 2, 2026
Vendor
Apple
Product
iOS and iPadOS
Classifications
CWE-20
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Jul 29, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 2, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <18.6

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Apple · iOS and iPadOSversion=0 <18.6
Apple · visionOSversion=0 <2.6
Apple · tvOSversion=0 <18.6
Apple · macOSversion=0 <15.6

Published CVSS scores

9.1CISA ADP VulnrichmentCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-20Improper Input Validation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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