CVE-2025-31264

Locked-device information exposure via Recovery authentication bypass

Published May 29, 2025 · Updated Apr 2, 2026

Authentication bypass in macOS Recovery before 13.7.5, 14.7.5, or 15.4 allows physically proximate attackers to view sensitive user information. The Recovery component mishandles authentication state, but Apple has not disclosed the affected state transition or validation failure. Exploitation requires physical access to a locked Mac and exposes information visible through Recovery without reported data modification or service interruption.

CVSS severity6.2
Medium
EPSS probability0.25%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

Authentication bypass in macOS Recovery before 13.7.5, 14.7.5, or 15.4 allows physically proximate attackers to view sensitive user information. The Recovery component mishandles authentication state, but Apple has not disclosed the affected state transition or validation failure. Exploitation requires physical access to a locked Mac and exposes information visible through Recovery without reported data modification or service interruption.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-31264
Published
May 29, 2025
Updated
Apr 2, 2026
Vendor
Apple
Product
macOS
Classifications
CWE-287, T1005
Attack vector
physical
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 29, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 2, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <13.7.5
  2. Affected versionversion=0 <14.7.5
  3. Affected versionversion=0 <15.4

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorphysical
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Apple · macOSversion=0 <13.7.5; version=0 <14.7.5; version=0 <15.4

Published CVSS scores

6.2CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:P/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorphysical
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-287Improper Authentication
T1005Data from Local System

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo