CVE-2025-31219

Kernel code execution via unlocked virtual-memory operations

Published May 12, 2025 · Updated Apr 2, 2026

A race condition in the Apple operating-system kernel allows local users to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges. The vm_map virtual-memory allocation path performs object operations without proper locking, creating a race that can corrupt kernel memory. Exploitation requires prior low-privileged code execution and can terminate the system or run arbitrary code in the kernel context.

CVSS severity7.1
High
EPSS probability1.06%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

A race condition in the Apple operating-system kernel allows local users to execute arbitrary code with kernel privileges. The vm_map virtual-memory allocation path performs object operations without proper locking, creating a race that can corrupt kernel memory. Exploitation requires prior low-privileged code execution and can terminate the system or run arbitrary code in the kernel context.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-31219
Published
May 12, 2025
Updated
Apr 2, 2026
Vendor
Apple
Product
iOS and iPadOS
Classifications
CWE-119, T1068
Attack vector
local
Privileges
authenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 12, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 2, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <18.5

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesauthenticated

What is affected?

Apple · iOS and iPadOSversion=0 <18.5
Apple · visionOSversion=0 <2.5
Apple · tvOSversion=0 <18.5
Apple · macOSversion=0 <13.7.6; version=0 <14.7.6; version=0 <15.5
Apple · iPadOSversion=0 <17.7.7
Apple · watchOSversion=0 <11.5

Published CVSS scores

7.1CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:U/C:N/I:L/A:H
8.8Trend Micro Zero Day InitiativeCVSS:3.0/AV:L/AC:L/PR:L/UI:N/S:C/C:H/I:H/A:H

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-119Improper Restriction of Operations within the Bounds of a Memory Buffer
T1068Exploitation for Privilege Escalation

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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