CVE-2025-31195

Sandbox escape via undisclosed TCC access control

Published May 12, 2025 · Updated Apr 2, 2026

Improper access control in TCC in Apple macOS before 15.4 allows context-dependent attackers to escape an app sandbox. Apple states only that additional logic addressed the issue and has not disclosed the TCC code path, validation failure, or crafted input involved. Exploitation requires local execution and user interaction; the published assessment limits direct impact to integrity beyond the sandbox.

CVSS severity6.3
Medium
EPSS probability0.17%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

Improper access control in TCC in Apple macOS before 15.4 allows context-dependent attackers to escape an app sandbox. Apple states only that additional logic addressed the issue and has not disclosed the TCC code path, validation failure, or crafted input involved. Exploitation requires local execution and user interaction; the published assessment limits direct impact to integrity beyond the sandbox.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-31195
Published
May 12, 2025
Updated
Apr 2, 2026
Vendor
Apple
Product
macOS
Classifications
CWE-284
Attack vector
local
Privileges
Unavailable

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. May 12, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Apr 2, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <15.4

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesUnavailable in this record.

What is affected?

Apple · macOSversion=0 <15.4

Published CVSS scores

6.3CISA ADP VulnrichmentCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:C/C:N/I:H/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

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No observations available

Sep 10, 2026Sep 16, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 16, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
PrivilegesUnavailable
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-284Improper Access Control

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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