CVE-2025-31191Public exploit

Sensitive-data access via forged security-scoped bookmarks

Published Mar 31, 2025 · Updated Jul 23, 2026

CoreServices information disclosure in affected Apple operating systems allows local users to access sensitive data via a sandboxed app. On macOS, a sandboxed app can replace the ScopedBookmarkAgent signing secret, forge security-scoped bookmarks, and obtain arbitrary file-access tokens. The demonstrated path requires code execution in an app that uses security-scoped bookmarks; Apple has not disclosed whether that mechanism applies on iOS, iPadOS, tvOS, or watchOS.

CVSS severity5.5
Medium
EPSS probability0.46%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
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Summary

What happened

CoreServices information disclosure in affected Apple operating systems allows local users to access sensitive data via a sandboxed app. On macOS, a sandboxed app can replace the ScopedBookmarkAgent signing secret, forge security-scoped bookmarks, and obtain arbitrary file-access tokens. The demonstrated path requires code execution in an app that uses security-scoped bookmarks; Apple has not disclosed whether that mechanism applies on iOS, iPadOS, tvOS, or watchOS.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-31191
Published
Mar 31, 2025
Updated
Jul 23, 2026
Vendor
Apple
Product
iOS and iPadOS
Classifications
CWE-200, T1068
Attack vector
local
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 31, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Jul 23, 2026Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

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Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=0 <18.4

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectorlocal
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

Apple · iOS and iPadOSversion=0 <18.4
Apple · tvOSversion=0 <18.4
Apple · macOSversion=0 <13.7.5; version=0 <14.7.5; version=0 <15.4
Apple · watchOSversion=0 <11.4

Published CVSS scores

5.5CISA-ADPCVSS:3.1/AV:L/AC:L/PR:N/UI:R/S:U/C:H/I:N/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectorlocal
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitPublished

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-200Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
T1068Exploitation for Privilege Escalation

Public exploit references

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

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Your stack

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