CVE-2025-31124Network attack vector

User enumeration via inconsistent login-name normalization

Published Mar 31, 2025 · Updated Mar 31, 2025

User enumeration in affected ZITADEL 2.x releases allows remote attackers to disclose whether a submitted login name exists. AuthRequestRepo replaces existing users' mixed-case input with the preferred normalized login name but leaves nonexistent input unchanged. The discrepancy is reachable without authentication only when an administrator has enabled Ignoring unknown usernames, and it reveals account existence.

CVSS severity5.3
Medium
EPSS probability0.51%
Next 30 days · Sep 16, 2026
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Based on sourced intelligence
Hinoki checkNot available
Coverage for this vulnerability

See if you're affected

Explore vulnerability checks for your environment with Hinoki.

Book a demo

Summary

What happened

User enumeration in affected ZITADEL 2.x releases allows remote attackers to disclose whether a submitted login name exists. AuthRequestRepo replaces existing users' mixed-case input with the preferred normalized login name but leaves nonexistent input unchanged. The discrepancy is reachable without authentication only when an administrator has enabled Ignoring unknown usernames, and it reveals account existence.

The record

CVE
CVE-2025-31124
Published
Mar 31, 2025
Updated
Mar 31, 2025
Vendor
ZITADEL
Product
ZITADEL
Classifications
CWE-200, CWE-204, CWE-203, T1087
Attack vector
network
Privileges
unauthenticated

Timeline

How it unfolded

  1. Mar 31, 2025CVE publishedPublication date reported by the CVE source.
  2. Mar 31, 2025Record updatedLatest update available in the CVE record.

Exploitability

Present is not the same as exploitable

Compare your product and version with the public record. A matching version still requires validation against your environment.

Is a vulnerable build present?

Compare these published version ranges with your installed build and any vendor patches.

  1. Affected versionversion=>= 2.62.0, < 2.63.9
  2. Affected versionversion=>= 2.64.0-rc.1, < 2.64.6
  3. Affected versionversion=>= 2.65.0-rc.1, < 2.65.7
  4. Affected versionversion=>= 2.66.0-rc.1, < 2.66.16
  5. Affected versionversion=>= 2.67.0-rc.1, < 2.67.13
  6. Affected versionversion=>= 2.68.0-rc.1, < 2.68.9
  7. Affected versionversion=>= 2.69.0-rc.1, < 2.69.9
  8. Affected versionversion=>= 2.70.0-rc.1, < 2.70.8
  9. Affected versionversion=>= 2.71.0-rc.1, < 2.71.6

What conditions does exploitation require?

Attack vectornetwork
Required privilegesunauthenticated

What is affected?

ZITADEL · ZITADELversion=>= 2.62.0, < 2.63.9; version=>= 2.64.0-rc.1, < 2.64.6; version=>= 2.65.0-rc.1, < 2.65.7; version=>= 2.66.0-rc.1, < 2.66.16; version=>= 2.67.0-rc.1, < 2.67.13; version=>= 2.68.0-rc.1, < 2.68.9; version=>= 2.69.0-rc.1, < 2.69.9; version=>= 2.70.0-rc.1, < 2.70.8; version=>= 2.71.0-rc.1, < 2.71.6

Published CVSS scores

5.3GitHub, Inc.CVSS:3.1/AV:N/AC:L/PR:N/UI:N/S:U/C:L/I:N/A:N

CVSS describes severity. EPSS estimates exploitation probability.

Attacks

What attackers are doing with it

Daily unique IPs observed by Shadowserver honeypots for known exploited vulnerabilities (KEVs). Missing observations do not establish an absence of attacks.

Daily unique IPsNo honeypot observations are available for this CVE in the selected window.

No observations available

Sep 9, 2026Sep 15, 2026
Latest reporting daySep 15, 2026
Latest daily unique IPsUnavailable
Prior 30-day averageUnavailable
SourceShadowserver honeypots (KEV)
Vectornetwork
Privilegesunauthenticated
Known exploitationUnconfirmed
Public exploitUnconfirmed

Weakness, pattern, technique

CWE-200Exposure of Sensitive Information to an Unauthorized Actor
CWE-204Observable Response Discrepancy
CWE-203Observable Discrepancy
T1087Account Discovery

Public exploit references

No public exploit references are available in this record.

Labels summarize the accepted research assessment. They do not indicate a test against your environment.

Technologies

Your stack

See the directory against your own environment.

Your stack

Check the software in your environment

Book a demo to see how Hinoki identifies affected software and validates exploitability in your environment.

Book a demo